White hydrogen, also known as natural or native hydrogen, refers to molecular hydrogen (H₂) that occurs naturally within the Earth’s subsurface.
Unlike green hydrogen, produced via water electrolysis using renewable energy, or grey hydrogen, derived from fossil fuels, white hydrogen is a naturally occurring resource that can be directly extracted from geological formations.
Formation of White Hydrogen
White hydrogen is generated through several geological processes:
-
1. Serpentinisation:
This process involves the reaction between water and ultramafic rocks rich in iron and magnesium, leading to the production of hydrogen.
-
2. Radiolysis:
The natural radioactive decay of elements such as uranium, thorium, and potassium in rocks can split water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen.
-
3. Pyrolysis of Organic Matter:
The thermal decomposition of organic materials under high temperatures and pressures can release hydrogen gas.
Geological Distribution and Known Deposits
White hydrogen has been identified in various regions worldwide:
-
Mali:
In Bourakebougou, a significant accumulation of natural hydrogen has been discovered, with ongoing extraction providing electricity to local communities.
-
France:
Researchers, including Philippe de Donato and Jacques Pironon, have discovered potential natural hydrogen deposits under the coalfields of the northeastern Lorraine region, possibly one of the world’s largest.
-
Albania:
A substantial natural hydrogen reservoir has been discovered beneath the Bulqizë chromium mine, emitting at least 200 tonnes of hydrogen annually. Though small, it makes a strong case for further prospecting.
-
Tanzania:
In the Rukwa region, a natural deposit of helium and hydrogen was discovered in 2024.
-
United States:
The Midcontinent Rift System is considered a potential area for natural hydrogen exploration.
-
Spain and Australia:
Exploration efforts are underway to assess the potential of natural hydrogen resources.
-
Alps and Pyrenees:
These mountain ranges in Europe are under consideration for exploration due to their unique geological formations, which may harbour natural hydrogen reserves.
Current and Planned Extraction Methods
The extraction of white hydrogen is still in its infancy, with limited commercial operations. The primary method involves drilling into subsurface reservoirs where hydrogen accumulations are present, similar to traditional oil and gas extraction techniques. As the industry matures, advancements in drilling technologies and reservoir management are anticipated to enhance extraction efficiency.
Cost Analysis
-
Prospecting Costs:
The financial outlay for exploring white hydrogen resources is currently not well-documented, as the industry is emerging. Costs are expected to vary based on geological complexity, location, and the depth of potential reservoirs.
-
Extraction Costs:
Canada-based producer Hydroma extracts white hydrogen at an estimated cost of $0.5 per kilogram. Depending on the deposit’s depth and purity, projects in Spain and Australia aim for a cost of about $1 per kilogram, solidifying white hydrogen’s price competitiveness.
Companies Involved in Exploration and Distribution
Several companies are actively engaged in the exploration and potential exploitation of white hydrogen:
-
Française De l’Énergie:
In collaboration with researchers Philippe de Donato and Jacques Pironon, this company is exploring natural hydrogen in France’s Lorraine region. pv-magazine.com.
-
Beam Earth:
Through its hydrogen operating arm, Hethos, Beam Earth is developing environmentally friendly and economical solutions for white hydrogen extraction. beam.earth.
-
Hydroma:
A Canada-based producer currently extracting white hydrogen in Mali.
The Future
White hydrogen presents a promising avenue for sustainable energy production, offering potential cost advantages and low carbon intensity. While the industry is still in its early stages, ongoing exploration and technological advancements may position white hydrogen as a significant contributor to the global energy transition.
The post White Hydrogen: Shaping The Future of Sustainable Power first appeared on Haush.